Tuesday, June 4, 2019

ALGONQUIAN FROM EDENIC

Key:


S = letter shifts: [all vowels are interchangeable, no shifts needed]
S-B = bilabial shift [interchangeable lip letters:
B,F,P,PH, V, W],
S-F = fricative shift,[interchangeable whistling letters: Soft C, S, SH,TS, Z]  
S-G = guttural shift [interchangeable throat letters: Hard C, G, K,Q]
S-D = dental shift [interchangeable tooth letters: D, T, TH, TS]
S-L = liquid shift [interchangeable tongue letters: L, R]
S-N = nasal shift  [interchangeable nose letters: M, N]

N = nasalization (extra M or N inserted in the root).
M = metathesis (root letters switch places). Example: M132 means that merk (to mark) takes the 1st, 3rd, then 2nd root consonant (no vowels) of נכר  NeKaR, to recognize (shift from
  Noon/N  to M) and מכיר  MaKeeYR (acquaintance)
ß = reverse the (root letters of) the Edenic source word
B = a borrowing from another language. Only the more obvious borrowings are noted.

The unbolded part of an Edenic or derivative word is not the relevant part of a proposed match.

ALL CAPS in [ BRACKETS ] is the name of the entry in E-Word: The Edenics Digital Dictionary where one finds the Biblical verse, Semitic and exotic cognates, and more. The 2020 E-Word wil be over 2100 pages, and with more color coding - at edenics.org




Algonquian is a widespread Algic/Amerind family that dominates much of the North American northeast up to the Rockies.  The list directly below, developed by Prof. Swadesh and his students, serves to contain our Chippewa or Ojibwe data and our Lenape data. Notice that Swadesh Lists are organized by English gloss, with categories like Pronouns, Basic Numbers, Common adjectives, and verbs, Nouns from topography, zoolology and Anatomy.

Our Algonquian data and matches to Biblical Hebrew+Aramaic ("Edenic") are the work of Fernando Aedo, Givon Zirkind and I.M.

 In the upcoming book, Old Words in the New Word, ten other Algonquian tribes will appear in a keyed composite chart immediately after this expanded Swadesh list. These include:
 the Abenaki (northern New England and southeastern Canada), Arapaho (WY), Blackfoot (MT), Cree (NY), Delaware, Fox (MI), Miami (OH), Montauk (L.I.), Natick (MA) and Shawnee (OK).

English
Chippewa or Ojibwe
Lenape , Leni Lenape (NJ, DE, southern NY, eastern PA; also Canadian woodlands)
I
niin  אני ANeeY, I [ME]
n אני ANeeY, I [ME]; same in Munsee; nia in Mohegan
we
niinawind  אנו ANOO, we [NOSTRATIC]

here
omaa   ß  S-N
הנה  HeyNaH, here- Gen. 21:23

not
gaawiin אין AYiN, not [INSOMNIA]


all
akina כנס KaNoo$, gathered [ECCLIASTIC]

many
niibowa ß  W/R
S-N רבים RaBiM, many [RIFE]

few

txituwàk M231   קצת QiTSahT,a few [MITE]
other
agaami- גם GahM, also

one
ningod   S-N
מנה MaNaH, count + S-G אחד A[K]HahD, masc. #1[EACH]
kwëti   אחת
A[K]HahT, #1 (fem.)  [EACH]
two
niizh  < ß  S-F  שנים SHiNaiM, #2; שני SHaiNeey, 2nd [CHANGE]

nisha  < ß   שנים SHiNaiM, #2 [CHANGE]

five

palenàxk <  M231  חפן KHoaPHahN, handful (5). Liquid added.
[PUGNACIOUS]
big
michaa  < ß   צמח  TSaMaK[H], grown… large [MICHIGAN]
[Ojibwe “big” is also misi,in Mississippi]
thick
gipagaa < S-B S-G    עבה GHaBHeH, thick [OBESE]
kupahkàt  < S-G 
S-B   עבה GHaBHeH, thick [OBESE]
heavy
gozigwan < M132 כבד KaBHaiD, heavy [HEFT]  ד  Dalet-to-fricative shift
kwsùkòn <  כבד  KaBHaiD, heavy [HEFT] ד  Dalet-to-fricative shift
short
dakoozi  < דק  DahQ, fine, small [TALC]

long

kwini  < ß N S-L ארוך AROWKH, long [REACH]
woman
ikwe S-B <  נקבה NiQai(V)aH, female [CAVITY]
xkwe S-B  <  נקבה  NiQai(V)aH, female [CAVITY]
man
(adult male)
inini S-N <  מאן Ma'AN, Arabic "man;"Akkadian, Ethiopic masc. subj. pronoun.
(2 more theories for the source of MAN at the "MAN" entry)
man
(human being)
anishinaabe  < אנוש ENOASH, mankind [MASCULINE]

child
(a youth)
abinoojiinh בן  <  BeN, child, son
[BONE]

mother
maamaa <  אמא EeMaH, mama [MA]
àna S-N אמא EeMaH, mama [MA]
father
baabaa, dede < אב AhBH, Aramaic ABAh; דוד DOAD, uncle (dear male relative;  ידיד  YiDeeYD, lover [ABBOT, DAD]

animal
awakaan < S-B (domestic),
 בקר BaQaR, cattle   [BUCKAROO]

forest
mitigwaki  < ß עץ  GHaiTS, tree [STICK]
shinke <  N S-F S-G  ß עץ  GHaiTS, tree [STICK] ( ץ,צ/TS = is T or S)
flower

òts ציצה TSeeYTSaH, flower [TASSEL]  (see above)
grass
mashkosiw  < עשב 
GHaiSe(V), grass [ASSASSIN]
skikw <  M213 עשב GHaiSe(V), grass [ASSASSIN]
meat
(as in flesh)
wiiyaas < S-B  בשר BaSahR,  meat, flesh [BURSAR] -- liquid dropped
wiyus < S-B   בשר BaSahR, meat, flesh [BURSAR] --  liquid dropped
blood
miskwi < S-N S-F
נצח NeTSaK[H]  [SANGRIA]
hmukw < as Greek blood, haima, warmth – חם [K]HoaM, warmth may be the issue) [CALM]
fat (noun)
(noun)

wiku  ß   חלב K[H]eLe(V), fat (noun) [LIVER] --    liquid dropped
tail
zow זנב  ZaNa(V), tail [SWING] -- nasal is dropped
shkwënay <  M132 S-F S-B  זנב ZaNa(V), tail [SWING]
feather
(not down)
miigwan < M132 S-G S-B   כנף  K'NaF, wing [CANOPY]
mikwën < M132  S-B כנף K'NaF, wing  [CANOPY]
hair
wiinizis < ß   S-B N
עשב  [A]iSe(V), grass [ASSASSIN]

eye
shkiinzhig  < M213 ß S-G
חזה [K]HaZaH, to perceive
[SCOPE, SEE]
shkinkw < S-B N שקף SHaQahF,
 to look over [SCOPE]
nose

wìkiyon < ß S-B  
נקב  NeQe(V), cavity [CAVITY[
mouth
doon ßS-D S-N  מצץ MaTSaTS, to suck [MOUTH]

foot
zid  < צעד TS[A]hD, step
[SIDE]
wsit < צעד  TS[A]hD, step [SIDE]
knee

këtëkw  <  S-B כתף    
KaTeF, shoulder, joint [SPOKE]
arm

onisk <  ß   חצן   KHoTSeN,  bosom, arms (Isaiah 49:22)
wing
ningwiigan  < M312 S-G 
S-B כנף K'NahPH, wing [CANOPY]

wëlunkòn <  M231  N עבר
GHeY(V)eR, side [OVER]
guts

wëlàkwshia <  S-B S-L ß  קרב   QeReBH, innards [CRAP]
neck
kwegan M132 חנק   K[H]eNeQ, to strangle [NECK]  
xkwekànkàn < M132?  חנק  K[H]eNeQ, to strangle;ענק  [A]NahQ, necklace [NECK]  
back
pikwan ßS-B  1. גב GahBH, a back; 2. ß   S-B עקב [A]QaiBH, rear [BACK]
pxkòn ß1.גב GahBH, a back; 2. ß  קב  [A]QaiBH, rear [BACK]
breast
doodoosh 1.ß  שד SHahD, breast; 2.  דד DahD, nipple [UDDER]
nunakàn היניק HeeY-
NeeYQ, to suckle [YOUNG]
heart

tèh S-G תוך TOAKH, within, middle [SINK]
to drink
minikwe
mëne S-N מים MaYiM, water [MIAMI]   
to eat


to see


to know
(a fact)
gikenim S-G חכם K[H]aKHahM, wise [ACUMEN]

watu S-B   הביט HeeBeeYTto look, see [VIDEO]
to think
maaminonendam
האמין H'EMeeYN, to believe [AMENABLE]

to sleep

kawi S-B  שכב  SHaK[H]a(V), to lie down
to kill
nishi S-N S-F  המית HeyMeey(S), to put to death [CHECK-MATE]

to hunt
(transitive)
giiwose  M132   S-G S-B    חפש K[H]aPeyS, to seek [APPETITE] 

to hit
bakite'  ß S-B תקף TaQahF, assail [ATTACK]

to cut 
giishkizhigereduplicated S-F S-G גזה GaZaH, to cut, hew  [SCISSORS] 

to split
daashki-  M213 S-F סדק $aDahQ, to split (Aramaic, Ethiopic)

to stab
(or stick)
bazhiba'o S-B פצע PaTS[A]h, to wound [PATEO]

to come
onjibaa בא  BAh, to come [VIA]
pè, -pS-B בא  BAh, to come [VIA]
to lie
(as on one's side)
bimishin ß נשען NiSH'[A]hN,to lean [ENSCONCE]

to turn
(change direction)
gwekii  M132 S-B  עקב  GHaQaiBH , ankle, trickery [HOOF]

to  give
miizh ß S-F  נתן     Na(S)aN, to give [DONATE]

to hold
(in one's hand)
dakon ß  Z/DAram. shift  אחזAK[H]aZ to grasp [HAS]  

to wash
giziibiigii M132  S-G 
S-F כבס KaBHah$, to wash [WASH]

to tie
dakobizh ß עקד [A]QaD to bind [EACH]

to say
ikido הגיד HeeGeeYD, recite
luwe ß S-B S-L  דבר DaBaiR, to say [WORD]
to sing
nagamo S-N  נגן NeeGaiN, to make music [KNOCK]

to swell
baagishi S-B S-G תפח TaPHahK[H], to swell [OPEN]

sun
giizis ß S-G שחר SHaK[H]aR, dawn, light, clarity [OBCURE]
kishux M213 שחר  SHaK[H]aR dawn, light, clarity [OBCURE]
moon
dibik-giizis M213 S-D
בתק  BeTeQ, piece [BIT] + "sun" above
piskewëni kishux M132
פחות  PaK[H]o(S), lesser + "sun" above
water
nibi S-B נופף  NOAPHaiPH, to wave, shake [FAN]

mpi S-N  נופף NOAPHaiPH,
to wave, shake [FAN]



rain

Sukëlan (verb) 1. S-Fשוקק  SHOAQeQ, to flow over;
2. סוך $OAK[H], to wet, annoint [SOAK]
lake;
sea, ocean
zaaga'igan < S-N אגם AGahM, pond, body of water [OCEAN]; gichigamii  <  אנם AGahM, pond, any body of water [OCEAN]
[“by the shore of Gitche Gumee in Longfellow’s “Song of Hiawatha” is Lake Superior in Ojibwe]
dust
bingwi < S-B  עפר  GHaFahR , dust
punkw < S-B  עפר  GHaFahR, dust
mountain
bikwadinaa < 1. S-G S-B  גבע Ge(V)[A]h, hill [GIBBON]
2. ß נד NaiD, mound [DUNE]

deer

ahtuhw <  S-D S-B  
 צביTSiBHeeY, hart [BEAST]

spider
asabikeshiinh < ß  S-F   עכביש [A]KaBeeYSH, spider

sick
(painful)
aakozi (be sick) <  ß  צוקה TSOOQaH, affliction [SICK]

lightning

sasapëlehël-èk <  S-B S-L
S-G ברק BaRaQ, lightning [FORK]
to open
baakin < M132 בקע BeQ[A]h, to break open [PECK]

wolf

tëm< S-N  תן tahn, jackal [DINGO]]
red
Misko < M213 Aramaic סמק  $aMahQ (to be red) [SUMAC]
màxk < M213 Aramaic סמק $aMahQ (to be red) [SUMAC]
green
ozhaawashko < S-B  צהב TSaHoaBH, yellow [PHOSPHORUS] 

àskàskw  < S-F S-G
S-B  צהב TSaHoaBH, yellow [“]
yellow
ozaawi < S-B  צהב TSaHoaBH, yellow [“]

wisaw < S-B צהב TSaHoaBH, yellow [“]
black

sëk < S-F שחר SHaK[H]oaR, black  [OBSCURE]
warm (as hot weather)
aabawaa  < WR=R בער   Ba[E] R, to burn [BURN]

cold
(as in weather)
 gisinaa < S-F
צנה  TSeeNaH, cold [SNOW]

dry
(adjective)
baaso  <  S-F  יבש YaBHaiSH, dry [WIZEN]
penkwte  < ß
צחיח TSahee-YAK[H], dry [dry SACK]
right
(side)

mayai  < ß ימה, YaMaH, facing the water-side  [MIAMI]
in
biinde < S-B
פנים  PiNeeYM, within [PENETRATE]

name
wiinzh (verb) ß S-N 
S-F שם SHaiM, name [SIMULATION]

cloud
aanakod  ß  S-G  ענן  GHaNAN, cloud  [YEN]
kùmhòkwS-N  ענן GHaNAN, cloud [YEN]
fog
awan < עב [A]hBH, thickness, opaqueness of a cloud [FOG]
aon <  ענן [A]NAN,cloud   [YEN]
sky
giizhig <  M213 S-G  S-F
S-G   שחקSHaK[H]aK
[SKY] 

mushhàkw < M4123 שחקים
SHiK[H]aKiM, sky, heavens --
Dt. 33:26 [SKY]
smoke

somah, tobacco < M232 S-F  S-N  S-G עשן [GH]aSHaN, smoke,  to smoke [SMOKE];  םם $ahM is spice [BALSAM]

fire
ishkode < ß אשאש  AiSH,
fire [ASH] + קדח    (see Burn) 

to burn
(intransitive)
zakide  < קדח QaDa[K]H, burn [CAUTERIZE]
lusi < ß S-L שרף SaRaPH, to burn  [SULPHER] -- bilabial dropped
mountain
bikwadinaa < ß נד NaiD, 
heap [DUNE]
kitahtën< S-D ß נד NaiD, heap [DUNE]
red
Misko  < M213  Aramaic (Jastro p. 1003)סמק  $eeMaiQ (to be red). Red is nature’s warning that reptiles or plants like sumac are poisonous. [SUMAC]

river
sipi < S-F S-B זוב ZOOBH, to flow [SEEP]
]For the 1st element in MISSISSIPPI (big river in Ojibwe,  see “BIG” above.]