Thursday, December 6, 2018

GREEK FROM HEBREW: Chanukah 2018 Defeat of Hellenism


GREEK from EDENIC (Pre-Hebrew, the Designed Homo-Sapiens Language Program )    

 Several score Greek-from-Edenic matches are within the E-Word Digital Dict. and not yet listed below.
 The leading contributor here was Regina Werling [RW]
 Note: Greek TH may come from Shin/SH or Tet/DT, not simply a ת Thaf.  T-from-  Shin is a standard shift in the post Babel-babble spin-off  of Aramaic. See the “TAURUS” entry in E-Word.

KEY:
1. <   indicates origin in Edenic, the ultimate source of other given roots 
2.  Upper Case letters are root letters; lower case letters aid pronunciation; bolding for focus.
3.  a [bracketed] English word at the end points to an appropriate entry  in the E-WORD: Edenics Digital dictionary.
 At entries are full etymologies, other global cognates, and a Biblical citation (unless the Edenic word is Semitic, but not in the Bible.]

Letter Shift Codes  A color-coded menorah of only 7 sounds, as all music is from 7 notes 
 שנוי בצליל האותיות

S = letter shifts: [all vowels are interchangeable, no shifts needed]
S-B = bilabial shift [interchangeable lip letters: B, F, V, W],
S-F = fricative shift [interchangeable whistling letters: Soft C, S, TS]  
S-G = guttural shift [interchangeable throat letters: Hard C,G, K, Q]
S-D = dental shift [interchangeable tooth letters: D, T, TS]
S-L = liquid shift [interchangeable tongue letters: L, R]
S-N = nasal shift  [interchangeable nose letters: M, N]

N = nasalization (extra M or N inserted in the root).
M = metathesis (root letters switch places). Example: M132 means that the Greek word
 takes the 1st, 3rd, then 2nd root then 2nd consonant letter of the Edenic root.
ß = reverse the (root letters of) the Edenic source word
B  = a borrowing from another modern language

Key to Romanized Hebrew Aleph-Bet:
Vowels are in lower case. Root letters in Upper Case with [brackets] around unpronounced letters or non-historic ones in the derivative language.  5 Hebrew letters have end-forms.

Aleph א = A or any Upper Case VOWEL; Betב  = B, Bhet = BH or (V); Gimel  ג= G; Dalet = ד D; Hey  ה= H;
 Vav  ו= V, OO or OA ; Zayinז  = Z;  Het   ח= [K]H or K[H]; Tetט  = DT; Yod  י= Y; Kahf כ,ך = K, Khaf = KH;
 Lamed  ל= L; Memמ,ם  = M;  Noon  נ,ן  = N; Samekh  ס= $; Ayin  ע= bracketed UPPER CASE [VOWEL] or GH;
Peyפ,ף  = P, Phey = PH or F;  Zaddi  צ,ץ= TS (always read ST in European), T or S; Koof  ק= Q;
Raish  ר= R or WR; Shin  ש= SH, Sin = S; Tahf   ת= T, TH, or (S)


abak, άβακας, ávakas or  counting board; abakos, dust (as used in a drawing board of sand or dust for mathematical figuring)
    < S-B אבק AhBHahQ, dust; S-G  א-ב-ג Aleph-Bet-Gimel, the Hebrew “A,B,C" is also 1,2,3 [ABACUS]

agein, to lead  < ß  נהג NaHaG means to lead ; הגה HeGeH, rudder, helm, steering wheel.
    Syriac  אוגי OaGeeY means “he drove away”  [SYNAGOGUE]  

Aerktos,  not fenced  <  M312  S-G S-D  גדר   GeDeR  [GRID]   negative prefix from  א Eey- [A-]     RW

aetós   αετός , kite, gliding bird of prey <  עיט  [A]hYiDT, bird of prey  [KITE] 
 
agállomai αγάλλομαι, to jubilate, be joyful; gélio γέλιο, laugh < גל GahL,  to rejoice  [GALA]  RW

agape  αγάπη , love <  S-G  S-B    חבה  [K]HeeBaH, love, esteem [AVARICE]; אחוה  A[K]HaVaH   (fraternity)  JW


agnós αγνός , innocent, pure < ß S-G  נקי NaQeeY [INNOCENT]

ageláda   αγελάδα , cow  <  עגל [E]yGeL, calf  (Genesis 15:9)

agrios, non-domestic, “of the field” (as in onager) <  seen in guttural-liquid “farmer” words like  אכר EeKahR
    and Aramaic  (later Hebrew) חקלאי K[H]aQLAeY  [AGRICULTURALIST]

agora  αγορά,  a coin, and verb of purchasing <  כרהKaRaH, to hire; מכר  MeKHeR, price;  שכר  SoaKHeR , 
    “he who hires” [HIRE]  

aifnídia  αιφνίδια, suddenly < M132  S-B S-N S-D   פתאם   PiTOaM, suddenly  (Proverbs 6:15)

aix  αίξ or aigós αιγός he-goat ,   he-goat  <   עז [A]iZ or GHaiZ, she-goat  [GAUZE]

akantha αγκάθι and ankáthi,   thorn  < N.  קוץ QOATS (thorn)   [ACUTE]

alfa, beta, gamma, delta <  B.  א  , ב  , ג ,ד  … Alef, Bet, Gimel, Dalet  [ALPHABET]

afstirós αυστηρός  (strict, stringent, austere) < צר  TSahR, narrow, restrictive  [STRAIT[

alké  strength;  alkimos, brave >  ß   חיל    K[H]aYiL, strength, ability [ILL]

almyrós αλμυρός,  salty  < מר MahR, bitter, briny  [MARINE]

aloi  αλοή, aloe  <  אהל AHahL (Numbers 24:6)  ]ALOE] 

analkimos  weak  < Greek prefix an, not, lacking  < אין  AiN (without)  [INSOMNIA]
   for the alk element, see  alké above

anakaleo, to call out;   anaklaíō  ἀνακλάω , to weep loudly < קול QOAL, a voice or cry;
     S-L  קרא   QaRaH, to cry out [CRY]

andros , man, masculine  < ß S-D S-N  1.  מתי   MiTaY , men  [MASCULINE]
         2. ß S-D S-N     אדם  ADaM (man),      [ETHNIC]

ánemos άνεμος wind   <  M132  S-F  נשימה   N’SHeeYMaH, breath;  נשמה NiS(H)aMaH means breath and soul [ANIMUS]

angelos, messenger <  מלאך MaLAhKH, angel, messenger. The messenger is told to לך LaiKH, go, rather than
          the  go-maker, the מלך MeLeKH, king.  [ANGEL]

ankáthi αγκάθι, thorn <  N.   S-G S-D 1. קוץ   QOATS, thorn; 2. N. S-G  S-D חד  K[H]ahD, sharp [DART]

ankhonē, a strangling <  M231 חנק  K[H]eNeQ, strangulation [HANG, NECK]

anthos, flower  < S-D  נץ  NaiTS, flower, blossom [ANTHOLOGY]


anthropos, ánthro̱poi  άνθρωποι ,  human being, mankind <  1 . Shin/S-to-TH shift אנוש   ENOASH, people,
      mankind;   2. ß S-D S-N    מתי   MiTaY , men; 3.  ß S-D S-N     אדם  ADaM (man),      [ETHNIC]

Antika  αντίκα ,  antique   < traced by academic folk etymology to  Attica,  Greece.  The extra N (nasalization) is of
    עתיק  ATeeYQ, ancient [ANTIQUE]   

Aráchni αράχνη, (web-building) spider; arche, rule; Archos, ruler; arkhein, to rule <   ערך [A]iReKH, order,
     arrangement ; thus עורך [O]WRaiKH became  the word for an arranger… like an editor [ARCHITECT]

arktikos,  "of the bear” whence ARCTIC. The bear is the animal world’s 2-legged “dancer.” 
    <  רקד RaQaD, to dance  [ORCHESTRA]

argos, white; arguros, silver  <  ß    S-G  חור  K[H]OOR, the white linen in (Isaiah 19:9), and the silvery hair
    of elders in   I Samuel 21:8  [HOARY]

arōma, aromatic herb <  ß  מר   MoaR, spice in the Temple incense [AROMA]

asilla (yoke) , re-borrowed in PBH as  אסל Ay$eL (yoke) <  S-L אסר A$ahR, to tie, harness, and the binding
    fricative-liquid family [ARREST, SARI].

Asmodeus , demon of destruction <  S-F  השמיד HeeSHMeeYD, to destroy, exterminate [SMITE]

āthelein, to contend <   Sin/S to TH shift, S-L  שרה SaRaH, to struggle, persevere
       [source of “athlete,”  “athletic/s,” etc. at ARITHMETIC]
átomo   Άτομο,  ATOM, person, individual <  אדם ADaM,  man; Adam, the sole, first man   [DEMOCRAT]
            Janusz Woroski

axine, axe B < Aramaicחצינא   [K]HaTSeeYNAh, Akkadian hasinnu or  חצין [K]HaTSeeYN, axe [CUT]

bathos, depth; and the nasalized benthos, depths <   ß  S-D  טבע  DTaBH[A]h ,  to immerse,  sink [DIP]
      -- (thus the emotional depth of PATHOS, Greek suffering, passion – see pathos)

Bema, stage, platform  <  במה BaMaH, elevated area for rituals (in Tanach, inferring sacrifices at improper places…
       Middle Hebrew borrowed the Greek word for the platform in mid synagogue… New Hebrew uses BaMaH
       for a stage ) [BEMA]

biblos, papyrus reed for a writing surface… later a book <  Egyptian < אבוב  ABOOBH, pipe, tube, knotgrass
    [BIBLE]

blastēma βλαστ(άρι)  (offspring, sprout) and blastos, bud< S-B S-L   פרץ  PaRaST  to spread out and grow
   forth [BLAST]

 botanē, a plant or herb; vótano  βότανο, herb <  M231 נבט   NahBHaDT (sprout), noun and a verb of
    germinating and sprouting. Arabic Nabat is a plant.  [BOTANY]    

Boukol  βουκόλος, herdsman  (source of BUCOLIC) <  S-L בקר  BoaQeR, cattleman  [BUCKAROO]

bursa, purse; byrsa (hide, leather) < M132 בשר BaSahR,  "flesh," skin (money holders were made
    of leather) [BURSAR]

chir or chéri  χέρι, hand    < ß  האריך  [H’E]ReeYKH,  to extend  [REACH]

chitónas   χιτώνας,  tunic   <  כתנת KiToNeT,  long shirt, coat, garment  [COTTON]

chó̱ma   Χώμα,  soil, earth  <  חמר K[H]oaMeR, clay [CERAMIC]

chóra  Χώρα, country < ß  reverse  Aramaic ארעא AhRGHAh, land  [AREA, EARTH]


cyt , a cell and a cyst (biological sac) <  S-D כד  KahD, container, water pitcher [CADDY]


daktylos δακτυλος, finger <  דקל DeQeL (palm tree) is palm or hand-like, of palmate design both from
   the large branches or "fingers" of the palm tree, and the palm or hand of its many fronds or "fingers."
   The extra T in daktylos may be an attempt to link it to Latin digitus (finger, toe). [DULCET]

demos  people <  אדם ADaM, earthling; human, person;  בני אדם B’NaY ADaM, children of Adam, people [DEMOCRAT]

di- as in diploō (to double); dis (twice)  < Aramaic דו DOO, two [DUO]

diáfragma διάφραγμα, diaphragm <  S-B  S-G  a family of  פרק PeReQ words meaning a break, division
     or section, including  פרכת PaRoaKHeT, curtain, the space-breaker [BREAK, PARK]

diasporā,  dispersion  <  dia + speirein (σπέρ) , to sow, scatter  <  M213  פזר PaZeR, to disperse,
     scatter [SPRAY]

didymo  δίδυμο, twin  <   S-D תאום   TOWM, twin  [TEAM]

 díkaios  δίκαιος (fair, right, just) ; dikaiōsis, justification;  diké , justice, right, court case <  M231   צדק
    TSeDeQ, righteousness, justice;   צדק  TSeeDaiQ, to justify  [SYNDICATE]   Strong’s 1343-1349

dínoun δίνουν, to give <   תן TaiN (give!);  אתנן  ETNaN, מתנה  MahTahNaH, and (reversing D-N)  נדב
    NaDa(V) means a gift or donation    [DONATE]

ekhis, adder or viper <  ( נ Noon dropped )    נחשNaK[H]aSH, snake  [SNAKE] 

eliphas or the nasalized eléfantas  ελέφαντας  , elephant  < אלף  ELePH, ox and the verb of training
    (familiar from an Ulpan  to learn Hebrew). Besides being a trainable ox-like creature, this largest land
    mammal is the champion or  אלוף  ALooPH.   This “champion” word, once nasalized, is the non-mythic
    source of Mt. Olympus, where Olympic champions were crowned.        [ELEPHANT, OLYMPIC]

ellipein, to fall short, a fallen, reversed form of the פ-ל P-L  core-root of  נפל NaPHahL, to fall [FALL]


emfánisi̱  εμφάνιση, appearance; phainesthai , to appear… whence FANTASY  <   פנים   PaNiM, surface…the visible plane  [PANE] 


epi- a. (over, above < עף  [A]hPH, to fly, and extensions meaning high points  [UP];  
           b.  (besides) <   אף AhPH, even if, all the more so, though [IF]

epilēptikos,  epilepsy… from a root meaning seizure <  M231 S-L    טרף  DTeRePH, to seize [TROPHY]

epistanai , to stop, check;  stamatí̱sei, to stop  < סתם   $aTahM is to stop up, shut, fill or clog;  עצם [A]TSaM is
   to shut (the eye)   [STEM]

erebus  ρεβος, Erebus or Erebos is the deity thus personification  of  darkness.  Darkness and shadow
   is associated with  the Greek twilight zone for the departed soul, and a deity of dark death in mythology
    <     ערב   [E]ReBH, evening [EUROPE]

eschala , hearth, fireplace < אש AiSH, fire [ASH]

 eschatos, of the end …as in ESCHATOLOGY <  The es-, like Latin ex-  (out), is from חוץ  [K]HOOTS, out.
      [EXIT]  The chat element (ending) is from a close guttural-dental relative:  קץ QaiTS, end.  [COAST] 

ethos, character < Shin/S-to-TH shift, from אישיות EeYSHeeYOO(S), personality, an extension of   איש  EeYSH, man [ETHNIC]

etmos, truth <  M132  אמת   EMeT (truth)… so that a true etymology is an EMeTology  [ETYMOLOGY]

etos, year  <   עת   [A]iT , time, season  [ETERNAL]

Evrópi Ευρώπη, Europe < מערב   M’[A]hRahYBH is “west;” ערב [E]Re(V) is evening (direction of sundown)
     The name for the West, Europe, came from the Semitic Near East, not from a Greek myth of Zeus becoming
     Flesh, and abducting and non-immaculate impregnating Princess Europa [EUROPE]

floudi φλουδί, paring, peeling < S-L   פרד  PaRahD, to separate [PARTITION]


foní  φωνή, speech;  áfonos, speechless < ß S-B ניב NeeYBH, idiom, dialect, speech; נבא  NaBHAh is to utter,
     call, proclaim, announce;  נביא Na(V)eeYE, spokesperson (Exodus 7:1)  [PHONETICS, TELEPHONE]

frákti̱s   φράκτης , fence … also a divider,    < פרכת  PaRoaKHeT, curtain;
       a family of  פרק PeReQ words means a break, division or section [BREAK, FRACTION]

llo φύλλ , sheet,  like a FOLIO (page) in a book < פלח FeLa[K]H, flat piece, cut section [FLAKE]

gala  γάλα, milk < S-G  חלב  K[H]aLa(V), milk  [GALAXY… as in The Milky Way] 

géfrya  γέφυρα  (bridge)  < S-G  S-B חבר  K[H]aBHahR, to join together [ALGEBRA]

génos γένος, genus, race, stock, kin, kind; genēa (family) < קנה  QaNeH, branch [ARM, KIN]  

geneiáda  γενειάδα, beard <  M231 S-G D-Z shift via Aramaic  זקן  ZaQahN, beard
       [SAGAMORE]  RW

geranos, crane, derrick and the long-throated bird ( like the heron)  <  גרון  GaROAN,  Gimel-Resh-Vav-Noon  (throat, neck) [CRANE]

gida γίδα, goat  < גדי  GiDeeY, kid of goat [GOAT]

  glossa γλώσσα, tongue < גלש GaLaS(H),   to slide, glide … as when a mammal’s tongue makes fur GLOSSY
        [GLISSADE]
 
gnátho γνάθο , jaw; Γνάθου gnáthou is a jawbone <  M231 טחן  DTaK[H]ahN, to grind  [CHIN]

gomphos,  a tooth or peg  < S-N S-B   ניב   NeeYB, canine tooth in Aramaic [NIB]

graphein  to scratch, draw, write < a. the large family of guttural-liquid-bilabial “scratching” words include
      S-L גלב  GaLa(V),  the kind of scraping as a barber shaves;  b. for writing, M132 עפרון    GHeePaROAN,
       a  lead pencil  ]CARVE, GRAPHITE]

grūps (as the claws of the griffin), grupos, hooked < the clenched אגרף  EGRoaPH  (fist) [GRAPPLE]

gýros  γύρος,   round <  עגל   [A]hGoaL, round [GEAR]

gunē, woman < ß נקבה   NiQai(V)aH, female. The Edenic “woman” is the feminine form of “man.” 
    [CAVITY]       Old English cognate of QUEEN, cwene (woman, prostitute, wife) is related. Make your own
    conclusions about women in Western “Culture.”

hēdonē,  delight, pleasure ; idonismós ηδονισμός, hedonism   <  עדנה  [E]DNaH or GHeDNaH (delight –
    Genesis 18:12… meaning of Eden).     [HEDONISM] 

hepat, liver <  S-G  S-D כבד  KaBHaiD, liver, in Leviticus 3:4.   כבד KaBHaiD  means  weighty, as this organ is
     quite dense.        [HEPATITIS]

Hera, goddess of childbirth < הרה HaRaH, pregnant (Genesis 16:11) [OROLOGY]

hex  έξι , six  <  ß S-G  or S-drop   ששה  SHeeSHaH, six (noun) [SIX]

holos , wholly, fully… as in  HOLOCAUST (wholly burnt) <  S-G כל KahL, all.  The Indo-Europoean “root”
     kailo is whole.  [ALL]

hoplon όπλο , weapon <  M132   חלף   K[H]aLahF is the large (butcher's) knife;  S-L  חרב K[H]eReBH (sword)
          [CLEAVER]

 huper  over   <  S-B   עבר      GHaiBHeR, over, beyond  [HYPER]

hupsos, height, top <   S-B     עפל GHoaPHeL, eminence, hill, tower and Ayin-Phey family of “height” words
   [UP]

husterā , womb, uterus  <  (Edenic TS is always ST in European)  יוצרYOATSeR,   (the) fashioner
   (where life is formed)  [ART]

hylē,  forest, and xýlo ξύλο, wood <   M2 13 S-G S-L  יער Y[A]h’R or Y’GHaR, forest    [XYLOPHONE]

ikhthūs, fish  < ß  S-G  S-D  דג DahG, fish [HADDOCK]  -- see kētos

Ionia, the Pre-Greek Hellenics (the ancient names of Taphetic peoples in Genesis 10:2 includes יון YaVaN,
   son of Japeth. Ionia may be an Akkadian, Ugaritic or Hellenic rendition of  יון YaVaN    [FENWAY]

iSCHío  ισχίο, haunch, and iSKHion , hip < שוק  SHOAQ, thigh, foreleg [SHANK]

kádos κάδος  is a bucket, cask or jar; all CYTO- and -CYTE words are from  kutos (a hollow vessel)
    <  כד  KahD, “pitcher”or leather bag as a bucket or pail for drawing well water [CADDY, CANTEEN, KIT]

kalein, to call < קול QOAL, a voice or call; S-L  קרא QaRAh is to cry out, announce or read aloud
   [CALL, CRY]

karabos, (S)CARAB beetles (the correct 4th plague of Egypt)  <  S-G  ערב   GHaRoaBH, these swarming,
    biting yet deified beetles   [SCARAB]

kardiá καρδιά,  heart  < S-G   חרד   K[H]aRahD, to tremble (the heart is the trembler) [CARDIO]

karóton or karóto καρότο, carrot <  קרן QeReN, horn (see “UNICORN”) and מקור MaQOAR (root) [CORE]

karpos καρπός fruit (cognate of CROP, HARVEST) <  S-G   חרף K[H]aRaPh, to pluck leaves or fruit [CARP]

 kastōr, kástoras  κάστορας , beaver <  קוצר  QOATSoaR, harvester  (the animal that cuts down plants,
       small trees) [CASTRATE]

kata, down -- see kato

 kathar(os) καθαρός   (pure)  <  (Hellenic Shin-to-TH shift) כשר KaSHeR (kosher, ritually fit) [CATHARTIC]

kathisantos  καθίσαντος  sitting  <   כִּסֵא  Kee$Ay, chair  [CHAISE]  [RW]

kato  κάτω, below, down < ß  תחת  TaK[H]aT, under, below [CATACOMB]

kavri καβούρι, crab   <  M132  עקרב [A]QRahBH , any crustacean (but translated “scorpion”) [CRAB]

keras, horn < קרן QeReN, horn [UNICORN]

kerasos or kerási   κεράσι, cherry  <  ß    זרח ZaRaK[H], the rising, (shining) cherry-red sun [RISE]


kélyfos  κέλυφος  , shell, hull, husk <  קלפה QLeePaH, rind, husk,shell [CALIBER]

kētos  κήτος, whale   < ß  דגה DaGaH, whale  [HADDOCK]  -- see ikhthūs

khiton,  χιτώνας   tunic < כתנת KiToNeT, shirt, coat, garment [COTTON]

khordé, a string or gut < S-G  גיד   GeeYD, sinew (strong, flexible string was from dried catgut, or
      other animal intestines)  see kithara  [CORD, GUT]

khroma, skin … hence complexion and color < קרם QaRahM, to cover with skin,
           crust or overlay      [CHROME]

kithara, stringed lyre  < גיד  GeeYD, sinew (musical cords of guitars, etc. were from dried catgut, or other
     animal intestines)   [GUT]

klepto, to steal < S-G S-B Noon-to-L shift, גנב  GaNaBH, to steal  [KNAVE]

kleros, a lot (CLERICS  were chosen by lot) < M132, S-G  גרל      GoRahL  Gimel-Resh-Lamed,  lot  [CORAL]

 koinós  κοινός , common < S-G  S-N   כמו KMOA (as, in common with);  גם GahM (also);  עם GeeM (with); עם GHahM (nation, people)  [COMMON]
 
Kolossós,   Κολοσσός , giant, colossus   < S-G  גלית Golyus, name of the Philistine giant who fought David,
      probably a generic  name for Titans,  as  גל GahL is a Semitic root for “mountain,” and a giant is a
      “mountain man” [COLOSSUS]

pē  κουπί , oar, handle  <  כף KahPH, palm of hand (Man’s first oar and handle) [SCOOP]

 koruphē, head  <  Syriac and Jewish Aramaic קרקפתא  KaRKaPHTAh, skull, crown of head, scalp [CHEER]

 kósmos  κόσμος , world, cosmos  < S-G   גשמי   GaSHMeeY, physical, cosmopolitan [MUNDANE]


krános κράνος, helmet  < קרן  QeReN,  horn (hard, protective headpiece) [CROWN]


kouvaláo κουβαλάω, carry, transport <  S-G  S-L 1. העביר  H’GHe(V)eeYR, to bring over [FERRY] ;
      2.  S-G  הוביל   HOA(V)eeYL, to bring [ARCHIPELAGO]

krassi , wine < M231   S-F  שכר  SHaYKHaR, alcoholic drink  [SAKI

kreas, flesh < S-G עור   GHoWR, skin, hide   [CORIUM

kronos, curved < 1.  קרן  QeReN, animal horn [CROWN]; 2. קער Qah’[E]R, curve [CURVE]

kurtos κυρτή,  convex <  קער Qah’[E]R, curve [CURVE]

krypt, a burial vault  < M132 S-B   קבר, QeBHeR, grave [GRAVE

kydos , glory  <  S-G  הוד HOAD,  majesty, glory, splendor,    praiseworthiness  [ADORE]

kýklos  κύκλος , circle <    S-G  עגול GHeeGOOL, circle [CYCLE]


láspi  mud    <  M312 S-F S-B   שפלהSHiPHeyLaH, lowlands…muddy, sloppy area  [SLOOP]

leopardus or  leopárdali  λεοπάρδαλη   leopard < S-L ארי  AReeY, lion + S-B ברד  BaRoaD, spotted, mottled
     [LEOPARD]

lipos λίπος  , fat  < S-B  חלב [K]HeLeBH, fat  [LABIAL]

lýkos λύκος , wolf  <  ß  כלב KeLe(V), canine  [LOBO]


mathema (science) < S-D מדע MaD[A]h, science, knowledge, or mind;
       מד MahD, measure     [METER, MIND]

 máti  μάτι  eye  <  ß   תמונה  TMOONaH, picture; דמות DMOOT, likeness [DUMMY]

khanē, device <   מוכני MOOKHNeeY, a wheel-work or derrick was an early “machine” or
      MECHANICAL  preparation <מוכן    MOOKHahN, something prepared <  כן KeN, a base [MACHINE]

me με , with <   ß  עם  [E]eM, with [COMMON]

megálo   μεγάλο , large < M213   גמול  GaMOOL, grown large or old (as a ripe fruit, as a weaned baby…
      gammal is aged in Scandinavian languages);    M213   S-L גמור  GaMOOR, complete  [MEGALOMANIAC]

metron, metro μέτρο, measure  < 1. מדה MeeDaH, measure, size, characteristic [METER];
        2. משורה  MiSOORaH, measure  [MEASURE]  RW

misó μισώ, hate; misein , to hate … as a a MISOGYNIST hates women  < מאס  Ma’Ah(S), to despise
          [MISANTHROPE]

mitos , thread    <  מיתר MeYTaR, string, cord, sinew [DIMITY]

moró  μωρό, infant < S-N נער  Na'[A]hR, boy, (fem. form too), youth (Exodus 2:6);    נערות  Na’[A]hROOT is
      puerility, foolishness or immaturity. [MORON]    (Janusz Worowski)

 móron  μόρον (the “sour” blackberry) and  mro μούρο (berry) <  מר MahR, bitter, sour [MARINE]

myrmex, ant  >  M132 S-N, S-L נמל NaMaL, ant, porter  [FERRY]

mythos  μύθος myth, story <  ß   שמע SHeyM[A]h, report, verbal account, fame   [MYTHOLOGY[

mýti μύτη , nose  <  ß    חטם [K]HoaDTeM, snout, nose [HUNT]

na po  να πω, to say < S-B   ניב   NeeYBH, speech (Isaiah 57:19); נביא  NaBHeeYE, spokesperson
      (Exodus 7:1) [PHONETICS]   

nearos , young, fresh < נערות   N’[A]ROO(S) (youth, vitality) < root  נ-ע-ר Noon-Ayin-Resh,   נערN[O]ahR(youth) [NEW]

nektos, swimming…(pushing water) < M132 S-D  נדח   NaDaK[H], to push away [NOD]

noris  νωρίς, early (as at dawn’s early light) <  נור   NOOR, to give light;נר   NaiR, a light  [MINARET] 

nýchta  νύχτα, night <   נחת  NaK[H]aT,  repose, rest, or "quiet" [NIGHT]

octa, eight <   S-G ח  Het (8th letter, and number 8)  [EIGHT]

okeanós  ωκεανός, ocean  <   אגן   AGahN, basin;  S-N אגם AGahM,  lake [OCEAN]

okholos. Όχλος  a mob, populace  < קהל  QaHaL, a congregated multitude  or assemblage  [CULL]

olympus – see elephas above

omilia   ομιλία, speech  < 1. Aramaic מלל  MaLaL, to speak, say;  מלה  MeeLaH, word, speech;
      2. S-L   אמירה  AMeeYRaH,  speech  [ADMIRAL]

Onomázo ονομάζω, to name; onoma, a name < ß  מנה MeeNaH, to appoint; מנה MaNaH, to number
      [NAME]

 ónos  όνος, ass (she-donkey) < ß   or M132  of  אתון A(S)OAN, ass (she-donkey) [ASSININE]

opto   visible, seen with the OPTIC nerve… οπτικός  optikós <  1. S-B   הביט  HeeBeeYDT, to look at
     [VIDEO];    2.  ß   צפה TSaPHaH, to observe [SPY]

orkheisthai, to dance <  רקד RaQaD, to dance  [ORCHESTRA]

orthos, straight <  ß  Shin/SH to TH shift,  ישר YaSHahR, straight [SHEER]

osme or osmi οσμή , smell, scent < סם $ahM, in the plural סמים  $ahMeeYM, spices, aromatics [SMELL]

ostó, οστό, bone,  has dropped the nasal seen in osteon, Latin bone <  S-N עצם  [E]TSeM, bone  [OSTEOMA]

para (beyond) <  S-B  עבר   [A]yBHeR, over to the other side [OVER]

papūros, papyrus reed for the earliest writing surface <  Egyptian < אבוב  ABOOBH, pipe, tube, knotgrass [BIBLE]

patéras  πατέρας , father <  S-D הדר HaDaR (dear or honorable) added to a reversed S-B  אב ABH (father)
     [ADORE]
    
pathos, suffering, passion, deep feeling or emotion  (whence PATHETIC and SYMPATHY) 
       <    ß  S-D S-B  טבע  DTaBH[A]h ,  to immerse,   – see bathos

pelegos, sea currents <  פלג  PeLeG, stream  [ARCHIPELAGO]

pélekys , ax, is weakly thought to come from Greek  pelekan,  pelican, because the back of
     an ax-head can be said to resemble the bird’s beak.  Obviously the ax was named long before any specific
     seabirds. The first “ax” was a plowshare. All three PLK words are from פלח PaLaKH  (plough, a plowman
     in Arabic) and  פלג PLG  (the root of “breaking up,” here with a guttural shift),  and similar Edenic bilabial-
     liquid-guttural words at  “BREAK.”  פלחן PuLKHahN means “the plower” in Aramaic.  The pelican appears
     to be ploughing the water as their large beak skims the surface for fish.

 pelios, dark  < אפל APHaiL , darkness or gloom  [PALL]

pente, five, … the IE “root”  penkwe, indicates a lost guttural < M312   חפן  K[H]aPHaN (to take a handful or
     fistful…   a measure of 5 fingers)

peristera, a dove, clearer than Mishnaic Hebrew פרידה  PiReeYDaH, dove, pigeon <  M231 of צפור
    TSeePOAR, bird  [SPARROW].

petros, stone… , (a piece of a rock)  <   M132 פרט  PRaDT, a particle                                           [PART]

phanai  , to say, speak  < S-B   ניב   NeeYBH, speech (Isaiah 57:19);  נביא  NaBHeeYE, spokesperson
      (Exodus 7:1) [PHONETICS]  see na po  

phainesthai, to appear   <   פנים   PaNiM, surface…the visible plane [PANE] see  emfánisi̱

phallaina, moth, the white creature < M213 metathesis of לבן La(V)aN, white [ALBINO].

-phas (speech), whence DYSPHASIA;  phasis (utterance) < ß ספה $aPHaH (speech)
      [PHONETICS, SPEECH]

pherein, to carry <  S-B העביר H'[E]BHeeYR, to transport  [BEAR, FERRY]
         
philos, love  <    ß  S-B לב, LeBH, heart; לבב   LiBHaBH, “love-struck” [LOVE]

phlox or flóga φλόγα, flame < M132  S-B  S-L   בערה BGHaiRaH, a burning  [BURN, FIRE]

phōs,  light < S-F  פז    PahZ or PHaZ is fine gold  [PHOSPHOROUS]

phrear or  fréar φρέαρ,   spring  < S-B באר   B’AiR, spring,  well, water-source [BORE]

pίst    πίστη,  faith or belief (as in “Ye of little faith”) <  ß    צפה  TSaPHaH, (look out for, anticipate with
     hope and faith [HOPE]

platus, flat, broad  <  S-L פרד   PaRaD,   spread abroad;   פרץ  PaRaTS, scattered widely    [BROAD, FLAT, PLAZA].

plassein , to spread out < S-L   פרש  PaRaSH), separate ;  פרז PaRahZ, level, open (and un-walled country)
     [PLAZA].

plekein, to plait, twine, and plektos, twisted  < M231  כפל KaPHahL , to double over [COUPLE]

polis,  city; the IE “root” is pel (citadel, fortified high place) < S-B  עפל  OaPHeL, fortified mound, hill,
     or citadel [METROPOLIS]

polus, poly, many <   ß  S-B S-L  רב  RahBH, many, a lot  [RIFE, RIFF-RAFF]

potámi ποτάμι, river  < S-N  PeTeN orפתן   PeTHeN, cobra or other snake... what a side-winding river
      resembles from a height [PYTHON]

 poulerikó  πουλερικό, fowl  < S-B   S-L  אפרח EPHRoa[K]H, chick [PULLET]

pous πούς , foot  <  S-F  פשע PaS[A]h, to step  [PACE]

protos, first <   M132 S-D פטר  PeDTeR, the first, opener as the PeDTeR Re[K]HeM,,the “womb opener,”
     the PROTOtype [PROTO

psyche, mind, spirit <  ß  S-G S-F S-B חשב  K[H]oaSHai(V), to think… the thinker or mind;  נפש  NePHeSH,
     spirit [PSYCH

psári  ψάρι , fish  <  פשע, פסע PeS[A]h, Pe$[A]h, step… footstep resembles the common flatfish
    (thus the “fish”-“foot” Word sole) [PACE]

pyretós πυρετός, fever < S-B  בער  Ba’[A]hR, to burn [BURN]

rhaptein , to stitch together (as a RAFT has tied logs); rápto̱ ράπτω is to sew < ß  Reverse RPT to get  תפר
     TaPHaR (to sew together)    [RHAPSODY, THERAPY]

rhein (to flow) and  rheuma (stream) < a full reversal or M321 of    נהר NaHahR (Isaiah 2:2), and
     נהר   NaHaR, a stream, river (Genesis 2:10) [RHINOCEROS, SERUM].

rhodon,  rose < Aramaic  ורדא  VaRDa, rose;  Arabic wardiyy is rose-colored; pink is وردي waradi; Mishnaic
      Hebrew   ורד VeReD  or WeReD is a rose, and    ורדVaRoaD is rosy red [RED]

rýnchos ρύγχος , snout, muzzle, nozzle; rhinos, nose  < ß    צנור  TSeeNOAR (pipe) or M312  נחיר Ni[K]HeeYR (nostril).


sagma , pack saddle  <  שכם  SHeKHeM, shoulder, back, load;  שכמה SHIKHMaH, shoulder  [MASS]

sákos  σάκος  , sack < שק  SahQ, sack, bag [ENCASE, SACK]

saliaikos, slug   <  S-F  M132 זחל    ZoaK[H]eL, crawler, slug     [SLUG]

sandáli  σανδάλι  ,  sandal <  S-N is a shoe/sandal in Akkadian (older than Greece), Aramaic, Syriac and other
    Semitic. סאון  $’OAN is a shoe, boot or sandal (Isaiah 9:4).  סנדל $aNDahL should mean the SN (shoe) of a
    דל DahL, poor man – see “DILUTE”  [SANDAL]

sarx  flesh   < S-F    שאר  SH'AiR, meat, flesh or near kin   [SARCASTIC] 

vvato Σάββατο, Saturday,  Sabbath < B  S-B  שבת SHaBaT, Sabbath, Saturday [SABBATICAL]

seira   σειρα, rope, cord (that which binds)  <  יתר Ye(S)eR, cord; יסר  Ya$ahR, to bind [SARI]

sēmeion, sign;  simeíon   σημείων, “points” < תמונה (S)iMOONaH is a picture or "image;"  "    שםSHeM, name,
      signification, reputation [SEMANTIC]

sfaíra σφαίρα,  sphere, globe, orb <  ספור $iPHOAR (enumeration, boundary, heavenly realm)  [SPHERES]

Sitos, food  <  S-F S-D ציד  TSaYiD,  provision, food, game [SATISFY]

sk  σκιά, shadow, canopy, sunshade <  שחק  SHaK[H]aQ,  cloud;  the
    plural  שחקים SHiK[H]aKiM , clouds,   heaven or "skies" [SKY]

skopeîn σκοπεῖν,  to look  < שקף  SHaQahPH, to look at [SCOPE]

skoulíki   σκουλήκι, worm <  M132  תולע TOAL[A] or (S)OALaGH, worm   [SILK]

skpa σκούπα,  a broom <   S-B סחף $aK[H]aPH is to sweep away [SCOPA]

solín  σωλήν, a pipe or tube <  M132 S-L  צנור TSeeNOAR, pipe  [SNORKEL]

speirein (σπέρ) , to sow, scatter … whence DIASPORA (see above), SPORE <  M213  פזר PaZeR, to disperse,
     scatter [SPRAY]

spílaio  σπήλαιο is a cavern or cave; spelunx, a cave<  Israel’s   שפלה SHiPHayLaH is
      her lowland;   שפלה SHiPHLaH is a low place –    Isaiah 32:19;    שפל SHePHeL,  low [SPELUNK]

spodos,  spit, skewer for roasting meat <  S-F Aramaic שפודא SHeePOODAh, spit, skewer [SPIT]

sporā, seed < פזר  PeeZaiR, to scatter, disperse;  זרע ZeR[A]h, seed

spourgíti̱s   σπουργίτης, sparrow <  צפור   TSeePOAR, bird  [SPARROW]

 stefáni στεφάνι  a wreath; stephein is “to tie around”   < M132  צניף TSNeeYPH, turban;  צנף  TSaNahPH,
     “to wrap or wind around.” [SPIN] 

 streblos twisted; stréfo  στρέφω , to turn around; strephein, to turn [in APOSTROPHE]; strophaligs
     whirlwind  < S-D   Aramaic-Syriac  טרף DTaRaPH, to confuse, mix, beat (as eggs)  [DISTURB]

 styein or stino στήνω , to erect or set in place ß   נצב NeeTSai(V),  to set up, or stand up [STABLE]

styx, hateful;  stygein, to hate < ß קוץ  QOOTS, to loathe, to fear, horror or fear [HATE]

syn, with <  S-F S-N  צמד TSeMeD, a couple, pair; צמה TSaMaH, braid;
          שניSHaiNeeY, second  [SYNOD]

syspeiróno συσπειρώνω,  to coil  <  צפירה TSPHeeYRaH is both a turn and a wreath (Isaiah 28:5)  [SPIRAL]

tarsos  ταρσός , ankle  <S-D  דרס DaRah$  (tread, trample in Jewish Aramaic); we tread or trample underfoot
    with the instep, tarsus or  sturdy back of the foot [TRACK]

táv̱ros    ταύρος , bull  <  Aramaic תור  TOAR <  שור SHOAR, bull   [TAURUS]


tno   τώνω,  to extend < ß   נטה  NaDTaH extend   [NET

 telesma (payment), from telein (to complete) <  שלם SHaLaiM ( to pay).  The Shin-Lamed-Mem (in the
     Aramaic shift from TLN)  means both to pay and complete.  There is שלום SHaLoaM (peace or
     SOLEMNITY) only when a transaction is  שלם SHaLaiM (paid up…thus complete)  [SLAM]

teras Τέρας, a monster <  ß רעד  Ra’[A]hD, to tremble in fear, and  חרדה [K]HaRaDaH, a terror [TERROR]

tétarto  τέταρτο, fourth; tetra, #4; tetrás τετράς ,  tetrad (set of 4) < M132  S-D S-L   [DLTàTTR]
     דלת  DaLeT, letter and number 4  [DELTA]

thanatos , death < 1. ß S-N   מות MOOTH or  MOOT, death; 2.   S/T shift    שנה  SHayNaH ,sleep  [ETHNIC]

thauma, a miracle, a wonder  <  תמה  ToaMaH or THoaMaH  is astounded or amazed  [ETHNIC]

     An Open-and-Shut Case for Trissim ... the plastic shutters or blinds on many Israeli porches and windows.
     is traced to various languages meaning "shields", and to Greek
thyrsi θυρο, window and thyra θύρα , door (source of THYROID) are the given sources of  תריס TReeY$,
     (Israeli) blinds,  shutters… also traced to words for “shield” < S-D S-L S-F    דלת   DeLeT or DeLe(S), door.
    Routine letter shifts get us from  דלת  Dalet-Lamed-Tahf/Sahf/Thaf ,  DLT to TRS  [DELTA]

thalasa, sea  < Hellenic TH from Edenic fricative shift or TS as dental  צולה TSOOLaH or TSOOLaH, ocean depths  (Isaiah 44:27),  MiTSOOLoaS, sea depths  [TEAL]

theca, a case  < TH-from-Shin shift  שק  SahQ, bag, sack, case [ENCASE, SACK]

therapy,  (θεραπεύω: to  cure, heal)   medical treatment  <  תרופה  T’ROOPHaH or TH’ROOPHaH, medical treatment [THERAPY

tónos  τόνος , tone (strength of a musical note…in DIATONIC( <  איתן AYTahN, strength [TONE]

trekhein or trécho  τρέχω, to run ; trokhós τροχός  ,wheel < S-D  דרך  DaRahKH, to tread, to trample [TRACK] ;  
     דרך DaReKH,  a way,  path    [DIRECTION]  

trephein or thréfoun θρέφουν, to nourish  <  טרף DTeRePH, (torn) leaf or prey to eat… הטריף  HeeDT’ReeYPH,
     to give to eat (Proverbs 30:8) [TROPHY]

 trs τρείς or  trias , three (3) …later shortened to  trei < Aramaic S-L    תלתTiLa(S), three <   תלתא  
     T'La(S)Ah  is the standard post-“Babel” Aramaic version of   שלושהSHiLOASHaH (three) [TIRZA RIMA]

tsakáli  τσακάλι , jackal < S-F S-G  שועל SHOO'GHahL (jackal, mistranslated "fox") [JACKAL]

tsekri  τσεκούρι, axe < 1. M312   S-F S-G   גרזן GaRZeN  (ax) ; 2.  M213  קוצר QOATSeR, harvester…
      shortener, cutter [CURT]

tūphos, fever… source of TYPHUS <   תפי TiPHeeY (hearth, to burn); תפתה    TiPHTeH, burning place
     [TEPID]  

tursis,  tower  <   טירה  DTeeYRaH, castle, high fortification; ßצור   TSOOR, rock fortress, tower [TOWER

tympanon,  drum <  N  תף ToaP(H), a hand-drum  [TAP]

város   βάρος , weight, burden < 1.  גבר  Ga(V)aR, to overpower (Genesis 7:19).  גבור  GeeBOAR  is a man of
     great wealth,   power and gravitas, a baron (Ruth 2:1) [BAROMETER];  2. a burden is borne, so an
     alternative source is העביר H'[E](V)eeYR,   to transport [BEAR, carry]

vathis   (Modern Greek),  deep < ß  S-B S-D   טבע   DTaBH[A]h, to immerse, sink [DIP[

 vótano -- see botanē

vrázo̱ βράζω (to boil)  <  בער  Ba’[E]R, to burn  [BURN]

xenos  ξένος , different, foreign, strange   <   שנה  SHaNaH is to be different [CHANGE].   שנאה SiN’AH  is
    sloppily translated and defined as “hatred.”  But the ש-נ S-N family reveals that the more correct meaning is
    not the visceral hatred of  מאס  Mem-Aleph-Samekh , but the antipathy of  estrangement, of being  שני
    SHaiNeeY (second fiddle) [XENOPHOBIA]

zōstēr,  a belt or girdle worn by men in Ancient Greece < ß   רצועה   RiTSooWO[A], strap, strip; long, thin
    leather thong [SLAP]

zōē (life); zōo, zōion  ζων  (live being).  ZOON  means an “independantly moving organic unit, thus a living
    being or animal < זע Z[A]h, זוז  ZOOZ or ZVZ and  זיעZeeY[A]h or ZeeGHah all mean  shaking or
    movement.   [ZOO, SHAKE]