| BOROUGH BeeYRaH Bet-Yod-Resh-Hey Beer-AH בירה [BRH à BR-GH] ROOTS: A BOROUGH is a fortified town or BURG, from Old English burh and burg (fortified town). The alleged IE “root” is bhergh-2 (high; with derivatives referring to hills and hill-forts.” בירה BeeYRaH (capital city, castle, fort…often built on a defensible height -- Nehemia 1:1 and I Chronicles 29:1. The built-in opposite is בר BahR (field outside the city gates, thus suburb – see “BARRIO.” BRANCHES: For a distant metropolis with בירה BeeYRaH , see “SINGAPORE. “ Reverse B-R to get the Latin source of URBAN – see “URBAN.”. בירנית BeeYRaNeeYT is a BARONIAL palace, fortified castle or "fortress" in II Chronicles 27:4. The AHD’s cognates of BOROUGH include: BARROW, BELFRY, BOURG, BOURGEOIS, BURG, BURGER, BURGESS, BURGLAR, BURGOMASTER, FAUBOURG, ICEBERG WEIR, BOURG (village near a castle), and BURH. The AHD includes the following derivatives of Latin fortis, strong: COMFORT, EFFORT, ENFORCE, FORCE (see “FORCE”), FORT, FORTE, FORTIFY, FORTISSIMO, FORTITUDE, FORTRESS and REINFORCE. The Italian borgo means both village and suburb. See “URBAN.” GRID GeDeR Gimel-Dalet-Resh GED-air גדר ___[GDR à GRD] ROOTS: GRID is given the ficticious IE “root” kert (to turn, entwine), as if GRID were a cognate of CRATE. A גדר GeDeR, fence (Numbers 22:24) is a grid or GRATE, GRATING which GUARDS. GRATED means protected by a grate, by latticework bars. See “GATHER” and “ GARDEN.” BRANCES: GUARDING Slavic towns like Leningrad were stockades. In forest lands, their natural defense was not the hilltop redoubt, but the wooden palisade of perpendicular barriers, the גדר GeDeR, fence . Again Edenic GDR mophs to GRD. This is why Russian gorat is a town. In Spanish there is guarda, guard; guarder, to put away or GUARD; guardia, watch, police and both guardilla (attic) and guarida (den) that also hint at a root meaning: a fenced off, guarded area. A French guardeur or guardian would also keep animals or criminals behind a protective stockade. Unlike the English, Spanish or French, no M132 metathesis is needed to link German Gitter (grid) with גדר GeDeR. A GRID can be used as a sieve. Guttural-R-dental words like CRITIC are linked to the IE “root” krei (sieve, discriminate) found at “EXCREMENT.” (METRO)POL(IS) [O]aPHeL Ayin-Phey-Lamed Oh-P(H)EL__________עפל___________[O-P(H)-L] ROOTS: Greek polis is a city;the alleged IE “root” is pel (citadel, fortified high place). עפל OaPHeL is defined as a "fortified mound, hill;" it is translated "citadel" in Isaiah 32:14. Also, בירה BeeYRah is a capital ciy, fort or citadel (I Chronicles 29:1 – see “BARRIO”). BR can shift bilabial and liquid letters to at least reveal affinity to a PL “city” word. For the Slavic city, see “GRID." BRANCHES: The cognates of POLIS are ACROPOLIS, COSMOPOLITAN, MEGALOPOLIS, METROPOLIS, NECROPOLIS, POLICE, POLICLINIC, POLICY, POLITICS, POLITY and SINGAPORE (Sanskrit pur is a city). Latin villa (country house-source of VILLA, VILLAGE and VILLAIN) is currently linked to IE “root” weik (clan). עפל [O]aPHeL or GHoaPHeL and its cousin KoaFeR or K'FaR (village -- Samuel 6:18) offer better etymons. כפריK'FoaReeY is a farmer; so is a CROFTER - switch the positions of the R and F. Posted from the high hilltop city of Sefad. Daily posts on Facebook/Twitter --Edenics web games: www.edenics.net Edenics videolectures and most recent book: THE ORIGIN OF SPEECHES. Edenic (Biblical Hebrew) as the original, pre-Babel human language program see our many resources at www.edenics.org incl. videos in English, Spn, Fr. or Ger. upgraded youtube.com "intro to edenics" |